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== Bernd Becker: MOOC und Bibliotheken ==
 
== Bernd Becker: MOOC und Bibliotheken ==
  
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Auszüge aus: Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32:2, 135-138
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'''Auszüge aus: Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32:2, 135-138'''
  
  
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In case you blinked and missed it, there is a new buzzword in education:
+
In case you blinked and missed it, there is a new buzzword in education: “MOOCs.” These massively open online courses (MOOCs) can serve hundreds or thousands of students without the institutional hurdles found in classes at a university, such as acceptance requirements and physical location. Some schools are working with partners like Udacity and Coursera, while others schools are using home-grown websites or applications like iTunes U to deliver free instruction.
−
“MOOCs.” These massively open online courses (MOOCs) can serve hundreds or thousands of students without the institutional hurdles found in
 
−
classes at a university, such as acceptance requirements and physical location. Some schools are working with partners like Udacity and Coursera,
 
−
while others schools are using home-grown websites or applications like
 
−
iTunes U to deliver free instruction.
 
−
With this rapid growth in pedagogy come growing pains, and none are
 
−
feeling MOOC pains more than bricks-and-mortar universities. As business
 
−
interests in MOOCs increased, a group of educators met in Palo Alto, California, to draft the first MOOC Bill of Rights that aims to establish goals
 
−
and boundaries within MOOC education (Kolowich 2013a). For libraries in
 
−
particular, MOOCs raise the questions of how and where library services fit
 
−
into the MOOC model.
 
−
The concept of MOOCs first emerged in 2008 when Stephen Downes
 
−
and George Siemens took a chance to open the registration for their learning theory class to anyone with an Internet connection. The class quickly
 
−
grew from 25 University of Manitoba students to 2,300+ students from all
 
−
over the world (Parry 2010). Built on the theory of “open teaching,” the
 
−
Downes–Siemens course has become a model for MOOCs, and has advanced
 
−
the recognition of online education as an acceptable form of instruction.
 
−
In the context of changes that have occurred in online education,
 
−
MOOCs are a natural evolution of services that were already in high demand. Apple’s iTunes U, for example, has been used as a repository for
 
−
educational audio and video content since 2004. The service allows open
 
−
access (via iTunes) to many prerecorded lectures and presentations from colleges, libraries, and museums. Just after its 3-year mark in 2007, iTunes U had
 
−
reached 300 million downloads. By 2010, it grew to 700 million downloads.
 
−
As of March 2013 iTunes U has surpassed 1 billion downloads, 60 percent of
 
−
which originate from locations other than the United States (Owens 2013).
 
−
While iTunes U has created an electronic distribution model for educational
 
−
content, MOOCs have evolved that model in that they are not tied to a
 
−
specific software ecosystem (Apple devices are needed to utilize iTunes U
 
−
features), and MOOCs are typically designed to foster connections between
 
−
students (iTunes U has yet to incorporate a substantial messaging system like
 
−
a class discussion board).
 
  
−
Several universities have already begun to experiment with MOOCs
+
With this rapid growth in pedagogy come growing pains, and none are feeling MOOC pains more than bricks-and-mortar universities. As business interests in MOOCs increased, a group of educators met in Palo Alto, California, to draft the first MOOC Bill of Rights that aims to establish goals and boundaries within MOOC education (Kolowich 2013a). For libraries in particular, MOOCs raise the questions of how and where library services fit into the MOOC model.
−
since the 2008 Downes–Siemens course. However, one of the major deviations from the original MOOC model is that many of the MOOCs in higher
+
 
−
education are not as “open” as the Downes–Siemens course. As the New
+
The concept of MOOCs first emerged in 2008 when Stephen Downes and George Siemens took a chance to open the registration for their learning theory class to anyone with an Internet connection. The class quickly grew from 25 University of Manitoba students to 2,300+ students from all over the world (Parry 2010). Built on the theory of “open teaching,” the Downes–Siemens course has become a model for MOOCs, and has advanced the recognition of online education as an acceptable form of instruction.
−
Media Consortium 2013 Horizon Report points out, “A key component of the
+
 
−
original vision is that all course materials and the course itself were open
+
In the context of changes that have occurred in online education, MOOCs are a natural evolution of services that were already in high demand. Apple’s iTunes U, for example, has been used as a repository for educational audio and video content since 2004. The service allows open access (via iTunes) to many prerecorded lectures and presentations from colleges, libraries, and museums. Just after its 3-year mark in 2007, iTunes U had reached 300 million downloads. By 2010, it grew to 700 million downloads. As of March 2013 iTunes U has surpassed 1 billion downloads, 60 percent of which originate from locations other than the United States (Owens 2013).
−
source and free—with the door left open for a fee if a participant taking the
+
 
−
course wanted university credit to be transcripted for the work” (11). In some
+
While iTunes U has created an electronic distribution model for educational content, MOOCs have evolved that model in that they are not tied to a specific software ecosystem (Apple devices are needed to utilize iTunes U features), and MOOCs are typically designed to foster connections between students (iTunes U has yet to incorporate a substantial messaging system like a class discussion board).
−
of the more current MOOC experiments that universities are trying, there is
+
 
−
usually a cost attached to the course. While the cost may be significantly less
+
Several universities have already begun to experiment with MOOCs since the 2008 Downes–Siemens course. However, one of the major deviations from the original MOOC model is that many of the MOOCs in higher education are not as “open” as the Downes–Siemens course. As the New Media Consortium 2013 Horizon Report points out, “A key component of the original vision is that all course materials and the course itself were open source and free — with the door left open for a fee if a participant taking the course wanted university credit to be transcripted for the work” (11). In some of the more current MOOC experiments that universities are trying, there is
−
than traditional student fees, it compromises a course’s classification as being
+
usually a cost attached to the course. While the cost may be significantly less than traditional student fees, it compromises a course’s classification as being a pure MOOC. Semantics do not seem to be an issue, though, as evidenced in the popularity of universities using third-party services such as Udacity to administer variations of the MOOC model (at a cost) for both public and
−
a pure MOOC. Semantics do not seem to be an issue, though, as evidenced
 
−
in the popularity of universities using third-party services such as Udacity
 
−
to administer variations of the MOOC model (at a cost) for both public and
 
 
private institutions.
 
private institutions.
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Within the sparse MOOC literature currently available, one factor has
 
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yet to be explored: What role can the university library play in the delivery of
 
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MOOCs? Having had the chance to work on the development of a series of
 
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courses based on the MOOC model, I believe that there are several aspects
 
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of MOOCs that would benefit from a library intervention.
 
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The original MOOC model was to be free and open access, implying
 
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that the resources used in the course would also need to be open access.
 
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As mentioned earlier, many of the courses being designed are not pure
 
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MOOCs. San Jose State University is one such school that has partnered with
 
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Udacity to provide low-cost courses using the MOOC model. San Jose State
 
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University students and nonstudents each pay $150 to access entry-level
 
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college courses. Therefore, the enrolled SJSU students have access to the
 
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library’s electronic resources, while the other students in the MOOC will be
 
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blocked by the library’s authentication page. This means that the professors
 
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must ensure that the resources such as reading materials would originate
 
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from open-access journals or websites rather than subscription databases.
 
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As colleges and universities adjust the MOOC model to fit the institution,
 
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the university library needs to highlight this issue of open-access resources in
 
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MOOCs. The resources in MOOCS must be accessible while following copyright law; otherwise, serious complications can occur. Reflecting on some
 
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of the problems that Georgia Tech had with its MOOC launch, one student
 
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offered this sage advice: “Something as fundamental to a course as the access
 
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to important learning materials is something that needs to be sorted out in
 
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the planning phase, not in the first application phase” (Kolowich 2013b).
 
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However, this might be easier said than done, and special considerations
 
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should be taken. After reflecting on a set of MOOCs at Athabasca University,
 
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some takeaway advice was to prepare materials as if the MOOC were an
 
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online event rather than just another online course (Kop et al. 2011).
 
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Ideally, a MOOC being proposed for a campus would follow the established process of curriculum development in which the institution’s standards
 
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are sought and applied. This would be a crucial point of the planning phase
 
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where libraries can remind the university of the standard that all of the materials for the course be verified as open access. Unfortunately, MOOCs can
 
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also be proposed as certificate programs, which might not necessarily go
 
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through the same content verification process as courses that originate from
 
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within a department or college. In some examples, MOOCs are developed
 
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at other institutions and then shared with others. Regardless of where the
 
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MOOC originates, the university library should insist that MOOCs offered on
 
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campus be required to ensure the materials used have open access and do
 
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not originate from subscription-based sources. Otherwise, significant problems could arise when some students have university access to assigned
 
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materials and others do not.
 
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To support this requirement, libraries can begin developing a collection
 
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of open-access journals and sites as recommended sources for MOOCs. The
 
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Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ: doaj.org) is one such resource that
 
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indexes and links to nearly 9,000 open access journals. The DOAJ content is
 
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also sortable by subject, by country, and by license.
 
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MOOCs also have an international appeal. Michael Sandel’s “Justice”
 
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course at Harvard is a MOOC that has been translated and shown on
 
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Korean national television. In China alone, it has amassed more than 20
 
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million views (Friedman 2013). The popular Coursera MOOC “Developing
 
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Innovative Ideas for New Companies” can easily have 85,000 students, many
 
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of whom are internationals (Cassidy 2013). While MOOCs can extend beyond
 
−
political borders, international students are still restricted to their country’s
 
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laws regarding which sites can be accessed. International restrictions should
 
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be taken into consideration if the MOOC in question incorporates other online resources. Tools like Just-Ping.com can be used to verify whether or not
 
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the Web address of a MOOC resource, such as a journal found on doaj.org,
 
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can indeed be viewed by an international audience. This is another recommended check that librarians can suggest for MOOCs being developed on
 
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their campus.
 
  
 
...
 
...

Version vom 4. Dezember 2014, 11:04 Uhr

Vorstufe: Lernobjekte

Entwicklungsgeschichte:


Melissa Mallon, MOOC Report

Auszüge aus dem Public Services Quarterly, 9:46–53, 2013

Coursera (http://www.coursera.org) — includes over 200 courses with videos, quizzes, assignments, and opportunities to interact with fellow students. More than one million learners have participated in a Coursera course. The Pedagogy section of the site includes helpful explanations of online learning concepts, including peer assessment and mastery learning.

edX (http://www.edx.org) — free online courses from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (see more about MIT’s Open Courseware in the review below), Harvard University, University of California Berkeley, and the University of Texas System. After completing a course, participants receive a certificate from the “X University” from where the course originated. The open-source learning platform features learning spaces designed for the web, including wikis and online discussion boards.

Udacity (http://www.udacity.com) — a free “digital university” that offers beginner, intermediate, and advanced courses in computer science, statistics, and physics. Courses are completed at the user’s own pace, without assignments or deadlines and participants receive a certificate of completion after the course final.


Massive List of MOOC Resources

Visited: Fall 2012. Reviewer: Lisa Zilinski, Business Librarian, University of South Florida in Lakeland

The Massive List of MOOC Resources, Lit and Literati, created by Erica St. Angel, vice president of Marketing for Sonic Foundry and hosted on Mediasite, is a list of MOOC-related links composed as a blog post on The World of Webcast blog. ... this page is filled with a wealth of information regarding MOOCs. ... Since this page is no longer updated, additional resources will be required in the near future. ...

What You Need to Know About MOOCs http://chronicle.com/article/What-You-Need-to-Know-About/133475

Reviewer: Melissa Mallon, Coordinator of Library Instruction, Wichita State University Libraries

Published in The Chronicle of Higher Education’s Technology section, “What You Need to Know About MOOCs” is a virtual timeline of all things MOOC. The page covers the “what” and “why” of massively open online courses, as well as descriptions of the most commonly mentioned MOOCs. ... Most items on the timeline link to articles elsewhere in The Chronicle, which librarians can peruse to enhance their understanding of MOOCs and their place in higher education. ... One negative of this resource is that because it exclusively links to articles in The Chronicle, one must have a subscription in order to view the article’s full content.


Saylor.org Free Education

Visited: Fall 2012 Reviewer: Emily Harrell, Online Librarian, American Public University System

Saylor.org, a source of massively open online courses (MOOCs), offers a free and open collection of college level courses through a 501C3, nonprofit organization established by M. J. Saylor, whose motto is “education should be free” (Saylor.org, 2012). Saylor.org currently offers 267 courses in the following areas: General Education, Art History, Biology, Business, Administration, Chemistry, Communications, Computer Science, Economics, English Literature, History, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Political Science, Professional Development, and Psychology. The courses are self-paced and focus on undergraduate level studies. ...


Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare

Visited: Fall 2012 Reviewer: Sabrina L. McKethan, Assessment and Stacks Management Unit Supervisor, Willis Library, University of North Texas

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has partnered with major backers such as the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Dow, and Lockheed Martin to develop MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW). OCW currently offers 2,100 self-guided courses in a wide range of subject areas. All courses hosted on the site contain materials such as lectures, videos, assignments, and readings that are or have been presented in an MIT Classroom. ...

Udemy

Visited: Fall 2012 Reviewer: Yvonne Mulhern, Instruction/Reference Librarian, Dick Smith Library, Tarleton State University

Udemy.com, created by Eren Bali, Oktay Caglar, and Gagan Biyan in 2010, allows anyone to take or create a class online. Udemy describes itself as a “crowd sourced learning platform” with “hundreds of great courses from world-class instructors.” There are more than 5,000 paid and unpaid classes offered by private companies, individuals, and institutions of higher education via open courseware pulled in from MIT, Stanford, and other prestigious universities. Categories range from Humanities to Education and Technology to Sports and Lifestyle. Most classes are free, and paid classes range in price from $1 to several hundred dollars. ... An Udemy account can be created by signing in with a Facebook username and password or by entering your email address and password.

Bernd Becker: MOOC und Bibliotheken

Auszüge aus: Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32:2, 135-138


In case you blinked and missed it, there is a new buzzword in education: “MOOCs.” These massively open online courses (MOOCs) can serve hundreds or thousands of students without the institutional hurdles found in classes at a university, such as acceptance requirements and physical location. Some schools are working with partners like Udacity and Coursera, while others schools are using home-grown websites or applications like iTunes U to deliver free instruction.

With this rapid growth in pedagogy come growing pains, and none are feeling MOOC pains more than bricks-and-mortar universities. As business interests in MOOCs increased, a group of educators met in Palo Alto, California, to draft the first MOOC Bill of Rights that aims to establish goals and boundaries within MOOC education (Kolowich 2013a). For libraries in particular, MOOCs raise the questions of how and where library services fit into the MOOC model.

The concept of MOOCs first emerged in 2008 when Stephen Downes and George Siemens took a chance to open the registration for their learning theory class to anyone with an Internet connection. The class quickly grew from 25 University of Manitoba students to 2,300+ students from all over the world (Parry 2010). Built on the theory of “open teaching,” the Downes–Siemens course has become a model for MOOCs, and has advanced the recognition of online education as an acceptable form of instruction.

In the context of changes that have occurred in online education, MOOCs are a natural evolution of services that were already in high demand. Apple’s iTunes U, for example, has been used as a repository for educational audio and video content since 2004. The service allows open access (via iTunes) to many prerecorded lectures and presentations from colleges, libraries, and museums. Just after its 3-year mark in 2007, iTunes U had reached 300 million downloads. By 2010, it grew to 700 million downloads. As of March 2013 iTunes U has surpassed 1 billion downloads, 60 percent of which originate from locations other than the United States (Owens 2013).

While iTunes U has created an electronic distribution model for educational content, MOOCs have evolved that model in that they are not tied to a specific software ecosystem (Apple devices are needed to utilize iTunes U features), and MOOCs are typically designed to foster connections between students (iTunes U has yet to incorporate a substantial messaging system like a class discussion board).

Several universities have already begun to experiment with MOOCs since the 2008 Downes–Siemens course. However, one of the major deviations from the original MOOC model is that many of the MOOCs in higher education are not as “open” as the Downes–Siemens course. As the New Media Consortium 2013 Horizon Report points out, “A key component of the original vision is that all course materials and the course itself were open source and free — with the door left open for a fee if a participant taking the course wanted university credit to be transcripted for the work” (11). In some of the more current MOOC experiments that universities are trying, there is usually a cost attached to the course. While the cost may be significantly less than traditional student fees, it compromises a course’s classification as being a pure MOOC. Semantics do not seem to be an issue, though, as evidenced in the popularity of universities using third-party services such as Udacity to administer variations of the MOOC model (at a cost) for both public and private institutions.

...

REFERENCES Cassidy, M. 2013. Cassidy: Coursera class offers peek into determination of student body. The San Jose Mercury News, March 1. http://www.mercurynews.com. Friedman, T. 2013. The professors’ big stage. The New York Times, March 5. http://www.nytimes.com. Kolowich, S. 2013a. ‘Bill of Rights’ seeks to protect students’ interests as online learning rapidly expands. The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 23. http://www.chronicle.com. Kolowich, S. 2013b. Georgia Tech, Coursera try to recover from MOOC stumble. The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 15. http://www.chronicle.com. Kop, R., H. Fournier, and J. Mak. 2011. A pedagogy of abundance or a pedagogy to support human beings? Participant support on massive open online courses. International Review of Research In Open & Distance Learning 12 (7): 74–93. New Media Consortium. 2013. NMC horizon report: 2013 Higher education edition. http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2013-horizon-report-HE.pdf. Owens, J. C. 2013. Apple’s iTunes U surpasses 1 billion downloads as online education takes off. The San Jose Mercury News, February 28. http://www. mercurynews.com. Parry, P. 2010. Online, bigger classes may be better. The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 29. http://www.chronicle.com.

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